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Attack protected avr mcu atmega8a fuse bit can disable its protection, avr microcontroller atmega8a flash program dumping will start from extract embedded firmware from atmega8a microprocessor flash memory;

The ALU supports arithmetic and logic operations between registers or between a constant and a register. Single register operations can also be executed in the ALU. After an arithmetic operation, the Status Register is updated to reflect information about the result of the operation.

The Program flow is provided by conditional and unconditional jump and call instructions, able to directly address the whole address space. Most AVR instructions have a single 16-bit word format. Every Program memory address contains a 16-bit or 32-bit instruction.

Program Flash memory space is divided in two sections, the Boot program section and the Application program section. Both sections have dedicated Lock Bits for write and read/write protection to decoding atmega8a locked microprocessor heximal data. The SPM instruction that writes into the Application Flash memory section must reside in the Boot program section.

During interrupts and subroutine calls, the return address Program Counter (PC) is stored on the Stack. The Stack is effectively allocated in the general data SRAM, and consequently the Stack size is only limited by the total SRAM size and the usage of the SRAM.

All user programs must initialize the SP in the reset routine (before subroutines or interrupts are executed) to extract microcontroller atmel atmega8a mcu source code. The Stack Pointer SP is read/write accessible in the I/O space. The data SRAM can easily be accessed through the five different addressing modes supported in the AVR architecture.