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All the general registers can be used as both data registers and address registers. When used as address registers, the general registers are accessed as 16-bit registers (R0 to R7). When used as data registers, they can be accessed as 16-bit registers, or the high and low bytes can be accessed separately as 8-bit registers (R0H to R7H and R0L to R7L) to Crack Motorola MC68HC08GP16 Locked Memory.
R7 also functions as the stack pointer, used implicitly by hardware in processing interrupts and subroutine calls. In assembly-language coding, R7 can also be denoted by the letters SP. As indicated in figure 2.2, R7 (SP) points to the top of the stack.
The CPU control registers include a 16-bit program counter (PC) and an 8-bit condition code register (CCR).
(1) Program Counter (PC): This 16-bit register indicates the address of the next instruction the CPU will execute. Each instruction is accessed in 16 bits (1 word), so the least significant bit of the PC is ignored (always regarded as 0).
(2) Condition Code Register (CCR): This 8-bit register contains internal status information, including carry (C), overflow (V), zero (Z), negative (N), and half-carry (H) flags and the interrupt mask bit (I).
Bit 7—Interrupt Mask Bit (I): When this bit is set to 1, all interrupts except NMI are masked. This bit is set to 1 automatically by a reset and at the start of interrupt handling for the purpose of Decrypt Chip HOLTEK HT48R50A-1 I/O Type 8-Bit MCU.
Bit 6—User Bit (U): This bit can be written and read by software (using the LDC, STC, ANDC, ORC, and XORC instructions).
Bit 5—Half-Carry Flag (H): This flag is set to 1 when the ADD.B, ADDX.B, SUB.B, SUBX.B, NEG.B, or CMP.B instruction causes a carry or borrow out of bit 3, and is cleared to 0 otherwise. Similarly, it is set to 1 when the ADD.W, SUB.W, or CMP.W instruction causes a carry or borrow out of bit 11, and cleared to 0 otherwise. It is used implicitly in the DAA and DAS instructions.